Cancer (neoplasia) describes a large number of diseases which exhibit uncontrolled cell growth & proliferation. Cutaneous tumours arise from an accumulation of mutations that escape the natural constraints on proliferation & eliminate the genetic integrity of a skin cell. Multiple alterations in critical genes are usually necessary for full neoplastic transformation. These mutations promote immortalization as well as the capacity to modify & maintain a supportive niche for survival & subsequent expansion.
Benign & malignant tumours can present in multiple ways during a Dermatology Referral Consultation – a pet may be referred for the specific condition itself, or a concurrent neoplastic lesion may be found during examination. Luckily the majority of canine cutaneous masses are benign whereas unfortunately the majority are malignant in cats. Your pet may even be showing clinical dermatological symptoms, either from distant metastases or so-called paraneoplastic signs (Click Here To Access), which alert the Dermatologist to primary, internal (hidden), neoplastic disease.
Accurate & prompt diagnosis is of paramount importance to achieve the optimal outcome in the management of cutaneous neoplasia. I will perform conscious acetate tape stripping, impression smear &/or fine needle aspirate sampling, rapid staining & immediate cytological assessment, select appropriate blood/serum tests & quickly schedule further biopsy sampling, if required, which allows for initial rapid staging & decision-making.
I can proceed with sharp & electrosurgical excisions (vs squamous cell carcinomas); new, revolutionary, conscious, intralesional injections (vs mast cell tumours); plan multiple, serial, chemotherapy protocols including imported, US-licensed, novel, small molecule, intravenous & oral medications (vs epitheliotropic lymphoma or cutaneous T Cell lymphoma); or advise on simple topical preventative measures (greasy ‘warts’ – sebaceous gland hyperplasia).
With advanced cases, I will help to arrange onward local Referral for Specialist Imaging (radiography, ultrasonography, CT or MRI) to allow TNM (Tumour-Node-Metastasis) staging &/or Oncologic Surgery, Chemotherapy &/or Radiotherapy further afield.
I keep right up-to-date with worldwide advances in all aspects of companion animal dermatology diagnosis, staging & treatment especially skin cancer. For example, within 24 hours of receiving a new publication, of a small US case series, describing a novel treatment for canine epitheliotropic lymphoma, I had updated all of my current cases with the exciting news.